Introduction To Catalysts

Substances that can change the chemical reaction rate (increase or decrease) of the reactants in a chemical reaction without changing the chemical balance, and whose quality and chemical properties have not changed before and after the chemical reaction are called catalysts (solid catalysts are also called catalysts). According to statistics, more than 90 percent of industrial processes use catalysts, such as chemical, petrochemical, biochemical, environmental protection, etc. There are many kinds of catalysts, which can be divided into liquid catalysts and solid catalysts according to the state; they can be divided into homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts according to the phase state of the reaction system. Homogeneous catalysts include acids, bases, soluble transition metal compounds and peroxide catalysts. Catalysts play an extremely important role in the modern chemical industry. For example, iron catalysts are used in the production of ammonia, vanadium catalysts are used in the production of sulfuric acid, and different catalysts are used in the production of three major synthetic materials, such as the polymerization of ethylene and the production of rubber from butadiene.